Erwin Rommel Biyografisi<\/h2>\n

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Alman askeri, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/b>\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli komutanlar\u0131ndan biridir. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/b> esnas\u0131nda Alman Afrika Kolordusu komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015f olan s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 mare\u015fal. Kuzey Afrika’da \u0130ngiliz birliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lar sebebiyle “\u00c7\u00f6l Tilkisi” lakab\u0131yla an\u0131ld\u0131.Erwin Rommel<\/b>, 15 Kas\u0131m 1891<\/b> tarihinde Heidenheim an der Brenz, Almanya<\/b>\u2019da bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin o\u011flu olarak do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Tam ad\u0131 Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel\u2019d\u0131r. Ailesinde askerlik gelene\u011fi olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda subay aday\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci olarak 124. W\u00fcrttemberg Piyade Alay\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131ld\u0131. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/b>\u2019nda Fransa, Romanya ve \u0130talya\u2019da te\u011fmen r\u00fctbesiyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Prusya-Alman ordusunda y\u00fckselmenin ola\u011fan yolu olan genelkurmay \u00fcyeli\u011fi yerine cephe subay\u0131 olarak piyade s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda kald\u0131. Wehrmacht (Alman Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri) ile Nazi gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fctleri i\u00e7erisinde irtibat subayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/b>\u2019nda yararl\u0131klar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nd\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/b>‘nda Alman ordusunda te\u011fmen olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli cephelerde sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Sivil hayata ge\u00e7meyi tercih etse de ailesinin orduda kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istemesi sebebiyle Alman ordusunda g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Erwin Rommel<\/a>, 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lucia Maria Mollin ile evlendi. O\u011flu Manfred Rommel (d. 1928- \u00f6.2013), 1974-1996 y\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Stuttgart belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Almanya’da Potsdam sava\u015f akademilerinde e\u011fiticili\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c\u0130nfanterie greift an (piyade h\u00fccumu)\u201d adl\u0131 bir kitap yazd\u0131. Bu kitap sayesinde Adolf Hitler’in dikkatini \u00e7ekti. Daha sonra Nasyonal Sosyalist Partisi\u2019ne girdi, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede partinin s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri aras\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Adolf Hitler\u2019in \u00f6zel koruma Birli\u011fi’nin (\u0130ssah F\u00fchrer Begleit Bataillon) ba\u015f\u0131na getirilmi\u015ftir. 1938’de albay oldu.<\/p>\n

Erwin Rommel, 1939<\/b> y\u0131l\u0131nda Adolf Hitler<\/b>\u2019in muhaf\u0131z alay\u0131 (LSSAH F\u00fchrer-Begleitbattalion) komutan\u0131 oldu. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/b>\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Polonya seferinin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonuca var\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Adolf Hitler<\/b>, onu general yapt\u0131. Erwin Rommel, Hitler’den bir panzer T\u00fcmenine komutanl\u0131k yapmay\u0131 istedi. 15 \u015eubat 1940 tarihinde 7. panzer T\u00fcmeni komutan olarak atanan Erwin Rommel, bu t\u00fcmenin sava\u015f i\u00e7indeki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan hayalet t\u00fcmen (Gespenster Division) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asl\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n iki basit tekni\u011fi vard\u0131, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmak. Rommel ikisini de \u00e7ok iyi yap\u0131yordu. Alman ordusu, Rommel ve hayalet t\u00fcmen Man\u015f denizine ula\u015ft\u0131ktan g\u00fcnler sonra Fransa k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na gelebilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Erwin Rommel 19 Haziran 1940<\/b> tarihinde Afrika birliklerini yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir \u00ab\u00e7\u00f6l ordusu\u00bbnun komutan\u0131 oldu. 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Libya<\/b>\u2019da yeni birlikleri harekete ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

Nazi<\/b>lerin Sava\u015f doktrini olan Blitzkrieg Yani y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 takti\u011fini en iyi uygulayan ve bu takti\u011fi \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olan Rommel, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m takti\u011fi ad\u0131 verilen sava\u015f takti\u011fi ile z\u0131rhl\u0131 motorize Birlikler, tanklar ve panzerlerle \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00fczerine h\u0131zl\u0131ca giderek onlar\u0131 pani\u011fe sokmu\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan onlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyerek etkisiz hale getirmi\u015ftir. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m takti\u011fi Blitzkrieg Polonya ve \u00f6zellikle Fransa<\/b> i\u015fgalinde, Nazi<\/b>lere bi hayli b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj sa\u011flasa da, zaman i\u00e7inde ikmal Yollar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n farkl\u0131 sava\u015f teknikleri geli\u015ftirmesi sebebiyle i\u015fe yaramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Erwin Rommel, Avrupa<\/b> K\u0131tas\u0131’nda Nazi<\/b>ler ad\u0131na \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bi hayli ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan terfi ettirilmi\u015f ve 19 Haziran 1940 tarihinde 15. panzer T\u00fcmeninin ba\u015f\u0131na getirildi. \u0130talyanlara yard\u0131m i\u00e7in Libya<\/b>‘ya g\u00f6nderilse de daha sonra Almanlar ad\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6llerde b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadelelere girmi\u015f ve ilk etapta bi hayli ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Erwin Rommel\u2019in Kuzey Afrika<\/b>\u2019da kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lar onun k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede generallikten mare\u015falli\u011fe y\u00fckselmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Rommel\u2019e \u00ab\u00c7\u00f6l Tilkisi\u00bb ad\u0131 tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Erwin Rommel’in \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 sava\u015f taktiklerinden bahsedersek, tanklar\u0131n ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n arkas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131lar ba\u011flat\u0131yordu. Bununla birlikte d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne ilerlerken ara\u00e7lardan Kalkan yo\u011fun toz bulutu \u0130ngilizlere \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Alman birli\u011finin geldi\u011fi izlenimi veriyor ve bu sayede \u0130ngilizler, \u00fczerlerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Alman birli\u011finin geldi\u011fini zannedip geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kal\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Erwin Rommel say\u0131ca az askeri te\u00e7hizat\u0131n \u00e7ok yetersiz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen d\u00fc\u015fman cephanelerine ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131na el koyarak sava\u015f\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015f ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. May\u0131n dedekt\u00f6rlerini yan\u0131ltmak i\u00e7in her may\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na konserve kutular\u0131 g\u00f6md\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bazen ara\u00e7lar\u0131 tahtadan tank haline getirip, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmaca da kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131z, 1942<\/b>\u2019de, El\u00e2lemeyn\u2019de Mare\u015fal Bernard Montgomery<\/b>\u2019nin ordusuna yenilince mevkii sars\u0131ld\u0131. Adolf Hitler<\/b>, onu Almanya\u2019ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rtt\u0131. Mart 1943\u2019te Hitler\u2019in emri \u00fczerine Almanya<\/b>\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcttefikler 1944\u2019te Normandiya \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada Rommel de Kuzey Fransa<\/b>\u2019daki Alman ordusunun komutan\u0131yd\u0131. Erwin Rommel 17 Temmuz 1944’te Erwin Rommel’in makam arac\u0131 \u0130ngiliz Kraliyet Hava Kuvvetlerine ait bir avc\u0131 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 Spitfire taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131 ve Rommel ba\u015f\u0131ndan ciddi yaral\u0131 olarak kurtuldu, daha g\u00fczelle\u015fmeden, 20 Temmuz 1944<\/b> tarihinde Adolf Hitler<\/b> aleyhine haz\u0131rlanan bir suikaste kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiyle tevkif edildi. Hitler, Rommel\u2019in hayat\u0131na kendi eliyle son vermesini istedi. B\u00f6ylece \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/b>\u2019n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc bireylerinden biri zehir i\u00e7erek kendini ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybettirmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

20 Temmuz 1944<\/b> suikasti olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en olay da, siyah orkestra grubu olarak an\u0131lan ve Hitler’in \u00f6lmesini isteyen muhalif grup taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen eylemde, Kurt ini olarak an\u0131lan askeri s\u0131\u011f\u0131nakta Adolf Hitler<\/b> ve kurmaylar\u0131 toplant\u0131 halindeyken Albay Claus von Stauffenbeeg taraf\u0131ndan odaya gizlice sokulan bir bomba patlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, odan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan fazlas\u0131yla \u00fcst d\u00fczey askeri yetkili \u00f6l\u00fcrken Hitler \u015fans eseri Bu suikasttan kurtulmu\u015ftur. Ard\u0131ndan bu olaya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen 5000 ki\u015fi infaz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Erwin Rommel\u2019in bu suikaste parma\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ile ilgili bir delil bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir itiraf\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Rommel’in de ad\u0131n\u0131n suikasta ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve hatta Hitler sonras\u0131 Rommel’in ba\u015fa getirilmek istendi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi \u00fczerine Erwin Rommel suikast ile su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erwin Rommel’in Hitler’e yap\u0131lan suikaste ad\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanmad\u0131. Ancak gizli bir \u00fcst d\u00fczey askeri komisyon taraf\u0131ndan gizlice uyar\u0131larak intihar etmesi istendi. Ard\u0131ndan Rommel ya mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcnde Vatan hainli\u011fiyle yarg\u0131lanarak kur\u015funa dizilece\u011fi ailesinin ve kendisinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131 ya da t\u00fcm onurunun zedelenmesi yerine intihar\u0131 se\u00e7mesi teklifi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Erwin Rommel, 14 Ekim 1944<\/b> tarihinde Herrlingen, Blaustein, Almanya<\/b>\u2019da 53 ya\u015f\u0131nda siyan\u00fcr kaps\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7erek hayat\u0131na son verdi.<\/p>\n

Rommel’in idam edilmek yerine intihar etmesini istenmesinin sebebi, Rommel’in halk taraf\u0131ndan bi hayli sevilmesi ve idam edilmesinin halk taraf\u0131ndan, Adolf Hitler<\/b>‘e olan inanc\u0131 kaybettirebilece\u011fi endi\u015fesidir.<\/p>\n

Bu sebepten ilk etapta Rommel’in \u0130ngiliz bombard\u0131man\u0131 sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011f\u00fc bilgisi halka yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta Hitler Erwin Rommel\u2019in e\u015fine ba\u015fsa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Telgraf\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Hitler taraf\u0131ndan Erwin Rommel’e g\u00f6rkemli bir askeri cenaze t\u00f6reni yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu t\u00f6ren sonunda Rommel defnedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda Rommel’in an\u0131lar\u0131 Rommel Belgeleri ad\u0131yla yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ad\u0131na ve kariyerine adanm\u0131\u015f bir m\u00fcze olan tek 3. Reich \u00fcyesi odur. 1960’ta bir Alman sava\u015f gemisine ad\u0131 verildi<\/p>\n

Kitaplar\u0131<\/b> :
\n1937 – \u0130nfanterie greift an (piyade h\u00fccumu)
\n1939 – Panzer greift an (Tank H\u00fccumu)<\/p>\n