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{"id":1136,"date":"2024-03-26T20:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T20:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/?p=1136"},"modified":"2024-03-26T20:12:55","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T20:12:55","slug":"kolektif-ceza-nedir-kollektif-ceza-ornekleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/kolektif-ceza-nedir-kollektif-ceza-ornekleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolektif ceza nedir? Kollektif ceza \u00f6rnekleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kolektif ceza nedir?<\/strong><\/a> Bir gruptaki bireylerin, bir veya birka\u00e7 \u00fcyenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 veya kural ihlali nedeniyle t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/div>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir s\u0131n\u0131ftaki t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencilerin, bir \u00f6\u011frencinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yaramazl\u0131k nedeniyle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kolektif cezad\u0131r. Ancak, bu ceza \u015fekli uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve insan haklar\u0131 ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kolektif cezan\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri ise \u015funlard\u0131r: Bir apartmandaki t\u00fcm dairelerin, bir dairede ya\u015fayan birinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kural ihlali nedeniyle su veya elektriklerinin kesilmesi gibi. Bununla birlikte, kolektif cezan\u0131n adil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, su\u00e7suz insanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve insan haklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ele\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu cezan\u0131n nedenleri aras\u0131nda, cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir etki yaratma, su\u00e7lular\u0131 veya kural ihlal edenleri bulman\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu durumlarda kolay bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve bir gruba bask\u0131 ve kontrol arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve insan haklar\u0131 ilkeleri kolektif cezay\u0131 yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu’nun 1948’de kabul etti\u011fi \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesi’nin 15. Maddesi, “Hi\u00e7 kimse, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n eylemlerinden veya ihmallerinden dolay\u0131 keyfi olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden mahrum edilemez” h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri de kollektif cezay\u0131 yasaklamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alternatif olarak, su\u00e7lular\u0131 veya kural ihlal edenleri bulmak i\u00e7in daha fazla \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmeli, su\u00e7lular veya kural ihlal edenler bireysel olarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir etki yaratmak i\u00e7in e\u011fitim ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde, adil bir yakla\u015f\u0131m ve insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

Kollektif<\/b>\u00a0ceza\u00a0\u00f6rnekleri<\/b><\/h2>\n
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Kolektif ceza, bir grup i\u00e7inde yer alan herkesin, bir veya birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 demektir. Bu ceza y\u00f6ntemi, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve insan haklar\u0131 ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ve adil bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak kabul edilmez.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel olarak, kolektif cezan\u0131n \u00f6rnekleri bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 toplumda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Nazi Almanyas\u0131’nda, Yahudilerin Nazi rejiminin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 toplu olarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Benzer \u015fekilde, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda bir k\u00f6yde ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n, k\u00f6yden birinin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 nedeniyle cezaland\u0131r\u0131labildi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Apartheid rejimi alt\u0131nda G\u00fcney Afrika’da ise siyahiler, beyaz az\u0131nl\u0131k rejiminin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 toplu olarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Kolektif<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de kolektif cezan\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri mevcuttur. Bir s\u0131n\u0131ftaki t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencilerin, bir \u00f6\u011frencinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hata nedeniyle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi durumlar bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, bir apartmandaki t\u00fcm dairelerin, bir dairede ya\u015fayan birinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kural ihlali nedeniyle su veya elektriklerinin kesilmesi gibi durumlar da kolektif ceza \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke genelinde bir veya birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi bir su\u00e7 nedeniyle t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da bu kapsamdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcncel \u00f6rnekler aras\u0131nda ise Filistin, Myanmar ve \u00c7in’de ya\u015fananlar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Filistin’de \u0130srail’in, Gazze \u015eeridi’ne y\u00f6nelik roket sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na misilleme olarak toplu cezaland\u0131rma uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Myanmar ordusunun Rohingya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 toplu cezaland\u0131rma uygulamas\u0131 ve \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Uygur M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 benzer bir y\u00f6ntemi uygulamas\u0131 da uluslararas\u0131 alanda ele\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ancak, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve insan haklar\u0131 ilkeleri, kolektif cezay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, adil bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n benimsenmesi ve bireylerin ki\u015fisel sorumluluklar\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Hititlerde<\/b>\u00a0kolektif ceza\u00a0uygulanm\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/b><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Evet, Hititler d\u00f6neminde kolektif cezan\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Hitit Kanunlar\u0131’nda, bir su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen ki\u015finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra aile \u00fcyelerinin ve hatta yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n da cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir\u00e7ok h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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Kolektif cezan\u0131n Hitit toplumunda uygulanmas\u0131na dair baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler var. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir adam ba\u015fka birini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, katilin idam edilmesine ek olarak, kar\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilebilirdi. Benzer \u015fekilde, bir adam h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 de\u011ferinde tazminat \u00f6demesi gerekiyordu. E\u011fer h\u0131rs\u0131z tazminat\u0131 \u00f6deyemezse, aile fertleri onun yerine tazminat\u0131 \u00f6demek zorundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kolektif cezan\u0131n Hitit toplumunda uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri aras\u0131nda cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, adalet ve g\u00fcvenlik bulunuyordu. \u0130nsanlar, kolektif cezan\u0131n su\u00e7u \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorlard\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc su\u00e7un sadece su\u00e7luya de\u011fil, t\u00fcm ailesine zarar verdi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca, toplumda d\u00fczenin ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Ancak, kolektif cezan\u0131n Hitit toplumunda baz\u0131 olumsuz etkilere de yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddeti art\u0131rabilir ve su\u00e7lu ailenin yoksulla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, su\u00e7lu ailenin ba\u015fka bir yere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine de yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kolektif ceza nedir? Bir gruptaki bireylerin, bir veya birka\u00e7 \u00fcyenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 veya kural<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1136"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1141,"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1136\/revisions\/1141"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilgidefteri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}